These batteries like to be used. Short charges don't hurt the battery any more than short discharges. If you use the phone heavily for 10 minutes that's not harmful to the battery. Neither is charging it for 10 minutes. Most people partially discharge the battery every day and then charge it again overnight. But additionally Apple says that the battery ought to be fully discharged about once per month:
Use iPhone Regularly
For proper maintenance of a lithium-based battery, it’s important to keep the electrons in it moving occasionally. Be sure to go through at least one charge cycle per month (charging the battery to 100% and then completely running it down).