Are you connected to a WiFi network? Photo stream only works across WiFi and will not push photos across a cell network. Also, photo stream doesn't count against your iCloud storage, so synching to iCloud may not do a thing. What other device are you trying to see the photos in? .... Mac, PC, iPad? Make sure photo stream is turned on in that device and see if they show up there. If not, has it been over 30 days since the photos were uploaded to photo stream? They are removed after 30 days.