Welcome to iPhoneForums, rcflyer!
Without a recent backup, there's no way to retrieve the iPhone's recent data, sorry!
Try restoring your iPhone using iTunes. If it's asking for a passcode, you'll have to use recovery mode to remove the passcode.
It's also possible to erase your device via iCloud (Find my iPhone).
With all of these options, you need a backup to restore from. There's no way around this.
Btw:
I've removed the other thread you started, with exactly the same problem as topic. Besides fragmenting the discussion, making it hard to follow, duplicate threads and posts are also against our rules.
Please keep the discussion of your problem with the disabled iPhone to this thread only!